How to lay floor tiles

You will need:
-
Floor tiles
Adhesive or grout
Tile cutter
Goggles
Spirit level
Profile shaper
Tile saw
Pencil
Tape measure
Trowel
Spacers
Chalk line
Squeegee
Piece of hose pipe
Cloth
Floor sealer
Bucket
Sponge
Floor tiles look great and provide a hardwearing, waterproof surface for a kitchen, hall or bathroom. Tiling a floor isn't a job for the complete novice but a competent DIYer should be able to tackle plain ceramic or quarry tiles. For a more varied pattern with different sized slate or stone tiles, call in a professional.
Time to complete job: A weekend for a small kitchen or bathroom.
Approximate budget: £200 and up.
Buying the Tiles
It's worth buying all the tiles you will need in one go to avoid any differences between batches. When calculating the amount of tiles you need, allow an extra 10% for wastage.
Preparation
As with wall tiling, the surface must be smooth, level and dry. Wooden floorboards should be covered with 12mm (1/2in) exterior grade plywood sheets, screwed down to form a level surface. Concrete floors are the perfect base, as long as there is a damp-proof course. If not you should have one installed before starting work. Fill any depressions in the concrete with self-levelling compound.
For more information see the Tile Association.
-

Step 1: Setting out
The secret of successful floor tiling is to spend time working out the tile positions - this is called setting out.
First mark the mid-points of the longest wall and make a chalk line at right angles to this mark. Repeat for the adjacent shorter wall so that you have a pair of lines that cross.
Remove the skirting boards and door thresholds. -

Step 2: Positioning the tiles
Lay your floor tiles along the two lines to work out the best positions. It's worth adjusting their positions slightly to use as many whole tiles as possible. Avoid having cut tiles along the wall that is seen as you walk into the room.
Tip: If any of the gaps at the room edge are less than half a tile wide, move the line across to increase the gap. Try and make sure tiles are symmetrical around any dominant features like a fireplace. -

Step 3: Applying the adhesive
Start to the tiling process by spreading a square metre of the adhesive into one of the corners formed by the chalk lines.
Tip: Always use a notched trowel or spreader so that the adhesive is spread in evenly sized ribbons across the floor. -

Step 4: Laying the tiles
Gently press down on the first tile, using the lines as a guide. Carry on tiling along one of the lines.
Add more tiles until you have covered the adhesive.
Tip: Some tiles need spacing joints - check the instructions. You can use plastic spacers to make the gaps even between each tile. -

Step 5: Tiling the floor
Now work outwards from the centre of the room, always using the chalk lines as a guide.
Spread more adhesive and continue until you have covered half the room with as many whole tiles as possible. Now start working outwards from the centre on the other side of the centre line and cover the other half of the room.
Leave the adhesive to set.
Tip: Check the tiles are level by laying a spirit level diagonally across the tiles. If necessary, put more adhesive under a tile to bring it level. -

Step 6: Filling the gaps
Now fill in the gaps with cut tiles. Use a tile cutter to trim the tiles to size.
Tip: Before you cut, make sure you have allowed for the grouting gap between tiles. If you have to cut around door architrave or other shape, use a profile guide to copy the shape onto the tile. Cut with a tile saw. -

Step 7: Sealing
Allow the adhesive to harden, then seal the surface of porous tiles with a floor sealer.
Tip: Some floor tiles should be protected with a sealer coat to protect them from stains - check the maker's instructions. -

Step 8: Grouting
Force grout in between the tiles with a squeegee. Push the squeegee across the joints in both directions to make sure the grout is worked into all the gaps. Use the straight edge of the spreader to make a neat grout line.
Wipe off any excess grout with a damp sponge before it dries and polish the tiles with a clean cloth.
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